Types of Educational Supervision and Inspection. 1. %%EOF H��Wˎ����WԱ�8���8���V�8dI�6E�IJ����~�#3��Z�k�fDRbV>"##���'�����O_�{����� �\E�+Wy���0ϢX��O�:�߾��nOZ�_�l�i��]FQ 26 0 obj <> endobj 0000000751 00000 n The standards comprehensively cover both the culture and the process of supervision in the context of Philippine Education. The Preparation and Continuing Education. The 1970s saw a further shift away from a counselling conceptualisation of supervision to one that focused more on supervision as ‘an educational process’ with social roles models that focused on practice (Carroll, 2007: 34). There are various types of eva luation in education, according to the r elative emphasize they have on these various functions. 0000002542 00000 n ]��b����q�i����"��w8=�8�Y�W�ȁf8}ކ3�aK�� tx��g�^삠+v��!�a�{Bhk� ��5Y�liFe�̓T���?����}YV�-ަ��x��B����m̒�N��(�}H)&�,�#� ��o0 Thus, “human maintenance”--i.e., supervision--is a very different task from mechanical or managerial maintenance. Standards for instructional Supervision will serve as a guide to the entire developmental process of supervision, the instructional leaders and the teacher who will get the support. Effective supervision which entails management of the teaching and learning process is sine-qua-non to improved student learning and achievement of educational goals. 0000002221 00000 n Types of supervision: Supervision is classified in to five types. Introduction Education is gaining more prominence in the affair more than ever before. N[�����yVo��,8i+8y+8e+8m+8�Y��;�i�I��[�)�I�I[�I�N�N� In global the supervisor records all Directed/Clinical Supervision . There are various definitions of educational supervision. supervision into a monitoring function, at its best. Scientific Supervision 37 Nondirective Supervision 40 Multi-faceted Supervision 43 Person-to-Person Supervision 46. education. The Pennsylvania Department of Education currently (2008) covers the assessment fee of $2500. In this research project, an attempt was made by the researcher to find out the role of supervision in the development of primary education in some selected schools within sokoto metropolis. Both, educational supervision and administration are part of the educational system and they complement each other. N� �Vn�Vn�Nnҷ�M��M��M��ͳj�MةM٩My�6��Ԧ�Ԧ|��ĝڔ�fJ�sj�M[��[�I/�M�v��[� [�{��[�)[���oǏ��������Hp�N� Supervision in counselling is an important part of working to professional standards. endstream endobj 33 0 obj <>stream Supervisees are more likely to learn when they themselves perceive a gap between what they currently know and what they need … In global the supervisor records all 11Kettle, M (2015) Achieving Effective Supervision, Insight 30. Educational supervision is a term used to identify the work duties of administrative workers in education. <]>> 0000005635 00000 n Supervision in counselling is an important part of working to professional standards. ��IT݀D?���r�F�9A,t;)�l%�n����@���&��d�6,'���9� �nwY������H�?�?��v3������Ɵ1�� ,�h+l�t�Oh����1p��~j��ld6^1v5k�J7�(��2`��Y[i��B�f��h�u{�h��x�Ǜ("�\ ��L�2��4si�ѷIv��(Q���wv�H"�+�ygvyw۽���[S�S�&G�g��}�}v�}�\ݥ �Y Models of supervision 1-Directive supervision In Directive supervision the role of the supervisor is to direct and inform the teacher, model teaching behaviours, and evaluate the teacher’s mastery of defined behaviors. endstream endobj 30 0 obj <>stream ��� �,��^G#�fD>�s�C�5"��b^Y�d 씒+_LCr�V���Vkt �� s��e���#��@䖾��If$Bt�>��/?���ɠ\���t�i��K���>0�����﫿Q�$:%g�럳�ׁ�}2+I��:�z#y��ɮY���k$���/!���`(%�{��B��T?o1ԍ� ��f~Za1�^YԝN�yx�č",k�r�$��y>���P�E�m3��֢�ҼJ?���U�]�K�'��$Y���~��8���%絟��v1��$���˻�wT�����.��n�7Ei�x�W!�|���������y�.�|��˗U��?Y>#q3��G����:�h�.o� Learning is best seen as part of a cycle of activities, rather than as a one-off event • 2. +� M�t�z�St�0b���pu������Ń���B���"`�����̜�1��aX���bƃ��� Clinical supervision of teachers is a term used to describe the process of coaching inexperienced teachers. Scientific Supervision 37 Nondirective Supervision 40 Multi-faceted Supervision 43 Person-to-Person Supervision 46. z(쉠'�=�y`-�� �XK@-���z���}��f�F�3C�%%�id����tQ�z�g*�� �Z�� Supervision in higher education is an important element for growth, being an essential process for research students. ���5M�E֚KUDQ+�ˆ%��N�!�Ed�"duMo*��]�G���4*ZY�T�E�He���ǜ���� ���Xw��x�[E�*HC���B�}�` ��D����p.�|$'���,SV`�]����Y��� @N�ע��jY�A�[�6wV�@px��!9^Xƒ��Q ? Group Versus Individual Supervision 34. School Supervision: Concepts & Theories 1. supervision into a monitoring function, at its best. Many in the field have called for various models that can bridge the IV Education policy series 1 Accountability in education V 1. Standards for instructional Supervision will serve as a guide to the entire developmental process of supervision, the instructional leaders and the teacher who will get the support. Aligning the components of an accountability system 10 6. Many in … of Supervisors 32. No matter which discipline or what form of clinical supervision one practices, psychoanalytic Curriculum experts, boards of education, school professional staff, and parents and students should all be part of the decision-making process concerning curriculum matters. Scope of Supervision The scope of educational supervision extends to all the areas of educational activity with the larger purpose of improving the product of education through the upgrading of the quality of instruction and other school practices. Clinical Supervision as a Key for Effective Teaching and Learning in Enugu State of Nigeria Secondary ... of the appropriate instructional expectations of education system. %%EOF However, despite the efforts of several stakeholders in education to manage and ;H�|.�A���r�Z�ۼ�6!�09 �����a��;Q���F O �j���h�3���1&�D��5~�ǰ밪"e�4b��"�8�J�LWE5.lU���`l1j���2K����5�rLS6�̘�D���.w#�a����+X��s)3E��?A�G�R�_� �O��ɹ U�� Clinical Supervision as a Key for Effective Teaching and Learning in Enugu State of Nigeria Secondary ... of the appropriate instructional expectations of education system. 0000001081 00000 n 19 0 obj<> endobj ‘Supervision is a process which aims to support, assure and develop the knowledge, skills and values of the person being supervised (supervisee), 10Throughout the learning resource supervision is referred to, and understood, as a process not an event. Meaning of Educational Supervision: The features of the modern educational supervision presented here are accepted widely in the U.S.A, Europe, England and other countries of the world. Supervision usually refers to watching over those in the administration or any type of worker, administration is what runs a school/business but also looks up to a supervisor to be regulated. This type of supervision is done with an experience setting and is the most common. {Q�C^��y����3���$�4}��*y��$z��(�j��b H)��PPZ;�E�M��[����>eCe`6PO9�V���O���T�N�/��/ʼ)��� There is therefore a greater demand for There are at least three problems with directive supervision. Educational supervisors make sure the educational institution operates efficiently and within the legal requirements and rules. Observation which can be made in two types either global or specific. [mD��$� 0 Verma. The paper further discusses techniques and challenges of supervision as well as principals’ supervisory roles for quality education. %PDF-1.4 %���� TYPES OF SUPERVISION Six tenets of bureaucratic supervision In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Max Weber developed formal definitions and described six tenets that define bureaucratic supervision : 1.Astrict hierarchy that is formalized by the leadership and strictly adhered to. The Preparation and Continuing Education. hear of counselling supervision, clinical supervision, training supervision, consultancy, professional supervision, peer, group and individual supervision and so forth. More funds are being committed to education both by the Governments and Private Citizens. Educational Supervision is a branch of Educational Management. Selected Bibliography 51. iv The supervisor, using the clinical supervision approach, is able to supply data to the teacher candidate in a fair and equitable manner. Completion of this course allows learners to become better consumers of supervision, more effective supervisors, and better able to evaluate involvement in the supervisory role. Education has been responsible for the assessment, evaluation and supervision of educational system in Ghana, and considering the decentralization policy, the function of the external supervision was assigned to the District, Municipal and/or Metropolitan Education H��W�n�|���G����>^%�6`{ ��0b�:l�Ԓ��~GDV� �+���:��~sy����?��?����ח�|p�����/94WjoKn��w_����ׯ�w��t���f�����ͧ���^��������w��W���#�����2���p�,�.����"%>����g8�����/~yw{����[8x�_��r�9/��e[Yz��������]���w�ᣋ12���G�Ӻ��G��}X�Ϯ��.ݮ��>Z[V�O� ��Ks1��q�!_��K���R�#�+��l]�p�֥z�z�Xw�Q]Ki���d 0000000016 00000 n ���+"��"ql�k$�a�EMR�ڊK�"i����o1C*jƠ'�Gx��bQÈ��X�eю� ��8��&%x���"��Ee�^�2>x�ؠqz�Q���Q|E���1�&�r�LS��!g�b�;P��Jw��1B��E�?�]S��P���=�r$S�u�Ť�+ޡH+�=�C�K�q�ks�Է�W��_q������� �HA� The principals of schools were mandated amidst many other responsibilities to carry out instructional supervision in their schools. ‘Supervision is a process which aims to support, assure and develop the knowledge, skills and values of the person being supervised (supervisee), 10Throughout the learning resource supervision is referred to, and understood, as a process not an event. Figure 1. Bhatnagar & I.B. 2) Preventive type. Andone-to-one supervisionis the most common form of supervision for professionallyqualifiedworkers. 55 0 obj <>stream These are: Service activity: The main purpose of educational supervision is to help teachers do better job. of Supervisors 32. Essentially, clinical supervision in education ... What type of data will be recorded (e.g., teacher’s questions, students’ The use of student assessment data 12 7. Observation which can be made in two types either global or specific. SUPERVISION MODELS by Kendra L. Smith, Ph.D., LPC, ACS September 2009 Clinical supervision for mental health professionals started out much like “apprenticeships” in other fields. )�t theoretical concepts, supervision in therapy began to develop its own unique identity. 0000000556 00000 n Models of supervision 1-Directive supervision In Directive supervision the role of the supervisor is to direct and inform the teacher, model teaching behaviours, and evaluate the teacher’s mastery of defined behaviors. Let us see major types of evaluation in education, now. Supervision Defined n“Supervision is instructional leadership that relates perspectives to behavior, clarifies purposes, contributes to and supports organizational actions, coordinates interactions, provides for maintenance and improvement of the instructional … There are at least three problems with directive supervision. Through inspection NyAp⋊��W��W��w��v�ӾCr�#��{�I�!9u/9y/9���%'�$'?��������0IN���V�I}+9u'9���|�AQ�^ac�� 9�>�$s!�ȧf�F~�%+v5�h��YiK��!�oZ*��XS��-ï�Qf�k4ݓP�b i�h�J�˦h����Bz&ϐv�v#�*Y[��we��4��̾�ȿQ�+�dm{9�RO&� ?~� t1? educational supervision, purpose and principles of educational supervision. h��Vmo"7�+#�˝N��ߤp��ZH�Mr�!>���Ua�����w�9�ݩR������glK$fH�R����,H ���ri��8� �P-ŀ9m@q��hP{��n��!���/}���l�/g?q�-���!���C��ǯ�ߓ.�S Simplified Stages of Teacher Development Thought Concern Stage Egocentric Self adequacy Classroom II Other students and teachers Models of Supervision The various approaches to super vision can be grouped in three some what simplified models, categorized as nondirective, collaborative, and What is Clinical Supervision in relation to Education? 1) Corrective type: In this type of supervision, the supervisor tries to find … Although it is commonly understood that administration encompasses supervision, they have different purposes. If qualitative education is a thing seriously desired in schools so that standard of education in our schools can be highly improved, school supervision must therefore be accorded high priority. Few models in the entire field of education—let alone in the specific domain of educational supervision—have been as widely deployed, as widely disparaged, or as widely misunderstood. endstream endobj 34 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Subtype/Form>>stream They are follows: 1) Corrective type. The National Policy on Education (NPE) has highlighted in precise terms the objectives of educational supervision, which is “:to ensure quality control through regular inspection and continuous supervision of instructional and other educational services” (1981). The only downside to this type of supervision is it takes the longest. That is, a student/apprentice with minimal skill/knowledge would learn the … Our Best Practices research revealed a genuine interest among both in-house and external supervisors �Ңٝ�~�c�;s�.,�Z��2P��t��[���e@�mB�u�ޞ$�u�{H��� ��L)�ܡ,Ÿ��x����� �w�3 Part Three Modes of Personalizing Supervision. ��t�:�'�7��G�$�P��V#܈ p�0eK��'��U�l��3�UQ�"|M�)�h6��㘨�����؃1�����U�g�1��њ�}�����@�y��%��5��Yc�X�,, s�|@lz�� J�y�N��4Nt�;�=�ES�] Ue����,Pt-L��@����(�mЁ���y��}��R�/�S7� ڎ�F ���,�qL��d�ا4�a���J>pi4Y��$�wc"�xdW��\�:�l3q�T$gl�6~p�j˜�M3�� v Hꢵo���.Щ�H��c�tV042튰M.��΢O��ٰ���،;�4�D.�l�8�R"xuGS��w�b�֤BO�(�"�/�(�k[��C38��V�Ё�����Ľ��T;���2�s�ɡ���-.����u6kS���;Ƀ,�k�Z�F'�]T~m0$܋��)�烍UѠPH�G�aC?Q`�����t��=��"�"��r�,�/ܢ}L�$~���J��)�Iw�=jgP���l �a�@��}Nu�Ĭ�u��]��l�\6 J�� �-��!�G#�ϼm41s9j��s�(\T{�&��f�D�B�q#*��'o��P�-Kْ��}9�`�,Մ�I�G���=3�W��ʰ�S��A����U�9��t��)��T�o N� : supervision is a very different task from mechanical or managerial maintenance and supervision 0410... “ Education is gaining more prominence in the affair more than ever before to identify the work duties of workers! 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